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Para peneliti sepakat tentang kelimanya karena lima hal yang sama muncul berulang-ulang: dalam kata-kata yang dipakai orang untuk menggambarkan satu sama lain",{"t":169,"id":170,"n":171},"cite","goldberg-1990",1,{"t":166,"v":173},", dalam penilaian teman maupun penilaian diri sendiri",{"t":169,"id":175,"n":176},"mccrae-1987",2,{"t":166,"v":178},", dan di ",{"t":180,"v":181},"num","50",{"t":166,"v":183}," budaya di seluruh dunia",{"t":169,"id":185,"n":186},"mccrae-2005",3,{"t":166,"v":188},". Sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":190},"40%",{"t":166,"v":192}," perbedaan antarorang pada sifat-sifat ini terkait dengan gen, menurut tinjauan besar atas studi kembar dan keluarga",{"t":169,"id":194,"n":195},"vukasovic-2015",4,{"t":166,"v":197},".",[199,233,333,379,408,503,515,549],{"role":200,"section":201},"section",{"heading":202,"blocks":203},"Kelima sifat dengan kata sederhana",[204,210,228],{"type":205,"tone":206,"text":207},"note","info",[208],{"t":166,"v":209},"Untuk informasi dan refleksi diri, bukan penilaian medis atau psikologis.",{"type":211,"items":212},"list",[213,216,219,222,225],[214],{"t":166,"v":215},"Keterbukaan: rasa ingin tahu, imajinasi, dan kesukaan pada gagasan, seni, dan pengalaman baru.",[217],{"t":166,"v":218},"Kehati-hatian: teratur, cermat, dapat diandalkan, dan ingin menyelesaikan apa yang dimulai.",[220],{"t":166,"v":221},"Ekstraversi: senang bersama orang lain, berbicara, penuh tenaga, dan suka kegembiraan.",[223],{"t":166,"v":224},"Keramahtamahan: percaya, hangat, baik hati, dan mau bekerja sama.",[226],{"t":166,"v":227},"Neurotisisme: seberapa mudah Anda merasa khawatir, sedih, atau tertekan; lawannya adalah ketenangan emosi.",{"type":229,"text":230},"paragraph",[231],{"t":166,"v":232},"Setiap sifat adalah sebuah skala, bukan kotak. Kebanyakan orang berada di dekat tengah tiap skala, dan tidak ada titik pada skala yang merupakan titik yang benar. Tidak satu pun dari kelimanya mengukur seberapa baik atau pintar seseorang. Jadi Big Five personality adalah daftar lima skala, yang juga dikenal sebagai model lima faktor kepribadian, dan ada yang menyebutnya teori Big Five kepribadian atau teori Big Five personality.",{"role":200,"section":234},{"heading":235,"blocks":236},"Riset dalam satu tabel",[237],{"type":238,"caption":239,"head":242,"rows":249},"table",[240],{"t":166,"v":241},"Temuan utama di balik model lima faktor",[243,246],[244],{"t":166,"v":245},"Pertanyaan",[247],{"t":166,"v":248},"Apa yang ditemukan studi",[250,263,276,286,300,320],[251,254],[252],{"t":166,"v":253},"Apakah kelimanya muncul dalam kata sehari-hari?",[255,257,259,261],{"t":180,"v":256},"1.431",{"t":166,"v":258}," kata sifat menghasilkan lima faktor yang sama dalam ",{"t":180,"v":260},"10",{"t":166,"v":262}," analisis yang berbeda",[264,267],[265],{"t":166,"v":266},"Apakah orang lain melihat sifat yang sama?",[268,270,272,274],{"t":166,"v":269},"Penilaian diri sejalan dengan penilaian teman pada ",{"t":180,"v":271},"0,25",{"t":166,"v":273}," sampai ",{"t":180,"v":275},"0,62",[277,280],[278],{"t":166,"v":279},"Apakah berlaku lintas budaya?",[281,283,284],{"t":166,"v":282},"Strukturnya dapat dikenali di semua ",{"t":180,"v":181},{"t":166,"v":285}," budaya yang diteliti",[287,290],[288],{"t":166,"v":289},"Apakah diwariskan?",[291,293,294,296,298],{"t":166,"v":292},"Sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":190},{"t":166,"v":295}," perbedaan terkait gen, ",{"t":180,"v":297},"60%",{"t":166,"v":299}," terkait lingkungan",[301,304],[302],{"t":166,"v":303},"Apakah stabil?",[305,307,309,311,313,315,316,318],{"t":166,"v":306},"Konsistensi dari tahun ke tahun naik dari ",{"t":180,"v":308},"0,31",{"t":166,"v":310}," pada masa kanak-kanak menjadi sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":312},"0,74",{"t":166,"v":314}," antara ",{"t":180,"v":181},{"t":166,"v":317}," dan ",{"t":180,"v":319},"70",[321,324],[322],{"t":166,"v":323},"Apakah meramalkan hasil kehidupan?",[325,327,329,331],{"t":180,"v":326},"87%",{"t":166,"v":328}," dari ",{"t":180,"v":330},"78",{"t":166,"v":332}," kaitan yang diterbitkan ditemukan lagi",{"role":200,"section":334},{"heading":335,"blocks":336},"Dari mana kelima sifat itu berasal",[337,357],{"type":229,"text":338},[339,341,343,345,346,348,350,352,353,355,356],{"t":166,"v":340},"Gagasannya bermula dari bahasa. Jika sebuah cara orang berbeda itu penting, orang akan punya kata untuknya. Para peneliti mengumpulkan kata sifat bahasa Inggris yang menggambarkan orang, meminta banyak orang menilai diri sendiri atau orang lain dengan kata-kata itu, lalu mencari kelompok tempat kata-kata itu mengelompok. Dalam serangkaian studi yang terbit tahun ",{"t":180,"v":342},"1990",{"t":166,"v":344},", Lewis Goldberg menganalisis ",{"t":180,"v":256},{"t":166,"v":347}," kata sifat yang dikelompokkan dalam ",{"t":180,"v":349},"75",{"t":166,"v":351}," gugus, dan menemukan lima faktor yang sama dalam ",{"t":180,"v":260},{"t":166,"v":354}," analisis yang berbeda. Tidak ada faktor di luar yang kelima yang bertahan di seluruh sampelnya",{"t":169,"id":170,"n":171},{"t":166,"v":197},{"type":229,"text":358},[359,361,363,365,367,369,371,373,374,375,376,377],{"t":166,"v":360},"Para peneliti kuesioner sampai pada lima yang sama dari arah lain. Dalam studi yang terbit tahun ",{"t":180,"v":362},"1987",{"t":166,"v":364},", Robert McCrae dan Paul Costa membandingkan ",{"t":180,"v":366},"738",{"t":166,"v":368}," penilaian oleh teman atas ",{"t":180,"v":370},"275",{"t":166,"v":372}," orang dewasa dengan jawaban orang dewasa itu sendiri. Kelima faktor muncul pada keduanya, dan apa yang dikatakan orang tentang dirinya sejalan dengan apa yang dikatakan orang lain tentangnya, dengan korelasi ",{"t":180,"v":271},{"t":166,"v":273},{"t":180,"v":275},{"t":169,"id":175,"n":176},{"t":166,"v":378},". Sifat yang bisa dilihat orang lain lebih dari sekadar gambaran diri.",{"role":200,"section":380},{"heading":381,"blocks":382},"Lima yang sama di seluruh dunia",[383,400],{"type":229,"text":384},[385,387,389,391,392,394,396,398,399],{"t":166,"v":386},"Jika kelimanya hanya kebetulan dari bahasa Inggris atau dari mahasiswa Amerika, ia tidak akan terbawa ke tempat lain. Dalam proyek yang terbit tahun ",{"t":180,"v":388},"2005",{"t":166,"v":390},", mahasiswa di ",{"t":180,"v":181},{"t":166,"v":393}," budaya masing-masing menilai seseorang yang mereka kenal baik, ",{"t":180,"v":395},"11.985",{"t":166,"v":397}," orang seluruhnya, dengan kuesioner yang sama yang diterjemahkan ke bahasa mereka. Struktur lima faktor itu terulang dengan jelas di kebanyakan budaya dan dapat dikenali di semuanya",{"t":169,"id":185,"n":186},{"t":166,"v":197},{"type":229,"text":401},[402,404,406,407],{"t":166,"v":403},"Proyek yang sama menemukan bahwa perbedaan usia mengikuti pola yang terlihat pada laporan diri: perubahan sedang pada tahun-tahun kuliah dan perubahan lebih lambat setelah sekitar usia ",{"t":180,"v":405},"40",{"t":169,"id":185,"n":186},{"t":166,"v":197},{"role":200,"section":409},{"heading":410,"blocks":411},"Bawaan, asuhan, dan perubahan",[412,445,485],{"type":229,"text":413},[414,416,418,420,422,424,426,428,429,431,432,434,436,438,440,442,443],{"t":166,"v":415},"Studi kembar, keluarga, dan adopsi memperkirakan seberapa besar perbedaan antarorang terkait gen. Sebuah tinjauan yang terbit tahun ",{"t":180,"v":417},"2015",{"t":166,"v":419}," menggabungkan ",{"t":180,"v":421},"62",{"t":166,"v":423}," hasil dari lebih dari ",{"t":180,"v":425},"100.000",{"t":166,"v":427}," orang. Rata-rata sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":190},{"t":166,"v":430}," perbedaan kepribadian terkait pengaruh genetik dan ",{"t":180,"v":297},{"t":166,"v":433}," terkait pengaruh lingkungan. Studi kembar memberi perkiraan yang lebih tinggi (",{"t":180,"v":435},"0,47",{"t":166,"v":437},") daripada studi keluarga dan adopsi (",{"t":180,"v":439},"0,22",{"t":166,"v":441},")",{"t":169,"id":194,"n":195},{"t":166,"v":444},". Itu tentang perbedaan di dalam sebuah kelompok, bukan tentang seberapa banyak watak seseorang berasal dari orang tuanya.",{"type":229,"text":446},[447,449,451,453,455,457,459,461,462,464,466,468,470,472,474,476,477,478,479,480,481,484],{"t":166,"v":448},"Kepribadian cukup stabil, dan makin stabil seiring usia. Sebuah tinjauan atas ",{"t":180,"v":450},"152",{"t":166,"v":452}," studi jangka panjang, yang terbit tahun ",{"t":180,"v":454},"2000",{"t":166,"v":456},", mengukur seberapa baik orang mempertahankan posisinya dibandingkan orang lain selama sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":458},"6,7",{"t":166,"v":460}," tahun. Konsistensinya naik dari ",{"t":180,"v":308},{"t":166,"v":463}," pada masa kanak-kanak menjadi ",{"t":180,"v":465},"0,54",{"t":166,"v":467}," pada tahun-tahun kuliah, ",{"t":180,"v":469},"0,64",{"t":166,"v":471}," pada usia ",{"t":180,"v":473},"30",{"t":166,"v":475}," tahun, dan mendatar sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":312},{"t":166,"v":314},{"t":180,"v":181},{"t":166,"v":317},{"t":180,"v":319},{"t":169,"id":482,"n":483},"roberts-2000",5,{"t":166,"v":197},{"type":229,"text":486},[487,489,491,493,495,496,497,499,502],{"t":166,"v":488},"Stabil tidak berarti tetap. Tinjauan kedua, atas ",{"t":180,"v":490},"92",{"t":166,"v":492}," sampel yang diikuti dari waktu ke waktu, menemukan bahwa rata-rata orang menjadi lebih berhati-hati dan lebih tenang secara emosi, terutama antara ",{"t":180,"v":494},"20",{"t":166,"v":317},{"t":180,"v":405},{"t":166,"v":498},". Sementara itu keterbukaan naik pada masa remaja dan turun pada usia tua, dan keramahtamahan hanya berubah pada usia tua",{"t":169,"id":500,"n":501},"roberts-2006",6,{"t":166,"v":197},{"role":200,"section":504},{"heading":505,"blocks":506},"Sifat luas dan segi yang sempit",[507,511],{"type":229,"text":508},[509],{"t":166,"v":510},"Masing-masing dari kelima sifat itu luas, dan biasanya dibagi menjadi segi-segi yang lebih sempit. Kuesioner yang dipakai tes Big Five kami membagi setiap sifat menjadi enam segi dengan masing-masing empat pernyataan: ekstraversi, misalnya, mencakup keramahan, kesukaan pada keramaian, ketegasan, keaktifan, pencarian kegembiraan, dan keceriaan. Dua orang dengan skor ekstraversi yang sama bisa sampai di sana lewat jalan berbeda, yang satu lewat keceriaan, yang lain lewat ketegasan. Itu sebabnya profil lengkap menunjukkan segi-segi itu juga, bukan hanya lima total.",{"type":229,"text":512},[513],{"t":166,"v":514},"Kelimanya juga bukan tipe. Sebuah skor adalah tempat pada skala yang dipakai semua orang, bukan kelompok yang Anda masuki. Kebanyakan orang berada di dekat tengah pada beberapa sifat sekaligus.",{"role":200,"section":516},{"heading":517,"blocks":518},"Apakah sifat-sifat ini meramalkan sesuatu?",[519,545],{"type":229,"text":520},[521,523,525,527,528,530,532,534,535,537,539,541,544],{"t":166,"v":522},"Studi telah mengaitkan kelima sifat dengan puluhan hasil, dari hubungan sampai pekerjaan. Psikologi kesulitan mengulang beberapa temuan terkenal, maka pada tahun ",{"t":180,"v":524},"2019",{"t":166,"v":526}," Christopher Soto menjalankan ulang secara besar dan terdaftar lebih dulu atas ",{"t":180,"v":330},{"t":166,"v":529}," kaitan yang diterbitkan antara sifat dan hasil kehidupan, dengan nilai tengah ",{"t":180,"v":531},"1.504",{"t":166,"v":533}," orang untuk masing-masingnya. ",{"t":180,"v":326},{"t":166,"v":536}," kaitan ditemukan lagi dalam arah yang diharapkan, walaupun biasanya dengan kekuatan ",{"t":180,"v":538},"77%",{"t":166,"v":540}," dari aslinya",{"t":169,"id":542,"n":543},"soto-2019",7,{"t":166,"v":197},{"type":229,"text":546},[547],{"t":166,"v":548},"Jadi sifat-sifat ini memang memberi tahu sesuatu yang nyata tentang bagaimana kehidupan cenderung berjalan, rata-rata, pada banyak orang. Mereka memberi tahu jauh lebih sedikit tentang satu orang, dan mereka bukan vonis bagi siapa pun.",{"role":200,"section":550},{"heading":551,"blocks":552},"Mengukur lima sifat Anda sendiri",[553,578,594],{"type":229,"text":554},[555,558,560,562,564,566,568,569,571,573,575,576],{"t":556,"v":557,"to":108,"key":107},"link","Tes kepribadian Big Five",{"t":166,"v":559}," kami memakai kuesioner milik umum berisi ",{"t":180,"v":561},"120",{"t":166,"v":563}," pernyataan yang mengukur kelima sifat dan tiga puluh segi yang lebih sempit. ",{"t":556,"v":565,"to":111,"key":110},"Tes kepribadian",{"t":166,"v":567}," yang lebih pendek memakai ",{"t":180,"v":181},{"t":166,"v":570}," pernyataan, dan ",{"t":556,"v":572,"to":114,"key":113},"tes kepribadian cepat",{"t":166,"v":574}," memakai ",{"t":180,"v":260},{"t":166,"v":577},". Kuesioner yang lebih panjang mengukur lebih tepat; yang lebih pendek memberi sketsa cepat.",{"type":229,"text":579},[580,582,584,586,587,589,592],{"t":166,"v":581},"Hasil ditampilkan pada tiap skala, dengan titik tengah ditandai. Sampel besar yang diterbitkan menunjukkan bagaimana jawaban tersebar dalam satu populasi: misalnya, ",{"t":180,"v":583},"320.128",{"t":166,"v":585}," orang dewasa di Amerika Serikat menjawab ",{"t":180,"v":561},{"t":166,"v":588}," pernyataan yang sama secara daring",{"t":169,"id":590,"n":591},"kajonius-2019-openness",8,{"t":166,"v":593},". Jawablah seperti Anda biasanya, bukan seperti yang Anda inginkan, dan bacalah hasilnya sebagai gambaran, bukan penilaian.",{"type":229,"text":595},[596,598],{"t":166,"v":597},"Apakah orang juga terbagi ke dalam tipe adalah pokok bahasan ",{"t":556,"v":599,"to":600,"key":601},"apa tipe kepribadian saya?","\u002Fid\u002Ffakta\u002Ftipe-kepribadian","facts-personality-types",[603,606,611,614],{"key":107,"path":108,"title":604,"description":605},"Tes Big Five","Tes Big Five gratis: lima ranah, tiga puluh segi, dan gambaran sederhana tiap sifat. Tanpa daftar, dan jawaban Anda tetap di browser.",{"key":607,"path":608,"title":609,"description":610},"norms-big-five-traits","\u002Fid\u002Flima-faktor-kepribadian","Lima faktor kepribadian","Lima faktor kepribadian dengan kata sederhana: keterbukaan, kehati-hatian, ekstraversi, keramahtamahan, neurotisisme, dan apa yang bisa dikatakan skornya.",{"key":601,"path":600,"title":612,"description":613},"Tipe kepribadian: apa tipe Anda, dan apa kata riset?","Tipe kepribadian menurut riset: mengapa yang ditemukan adalah sifat, bukan tipe yang rapi, apa yang diukur enam belas tipe, dan temuan studi besar.",{"key":110,"path":111,"title":565,"description":615},"Tes kepribadian gratis: pernyataan singkat tentang Anda dan gambaran sederhana lima sifat. Tanpa daftar, dan jawaban Anda tetap di browser.",[617,621,623],{"key":618,"path":619,"name":620},"home","\u002Fid","Tes kemampuan online: apa yang ingin Anda uji?",{"key":144,"path":145,"name":622},"Fakta tentang manusia: reaksi, jari, ingatan",{"key":156,"path":624,"name":163},"\u002Fid\u002Ffakta\u002Fteori-big-five",[626,637,648,658,668,678,688,698],{"n":171,"id":170,"kind":627,"authors":628,"year":629,"title":630,"venue":631,"doi":632,"url":633,"notes":634},"source","Goldberg, L. R.",1990,"An alternative \"description of personality\": The Big-Five factor structure","Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216–1229","10.1037\u002F0022-3514.59.6.1216","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F2283588\u002F",[635],{"date":159,"url":633,"quote":636},"Abstract: \"In the 45 years since Cattell used English trait terms to begin the formulation of his \\\"description of personality,\\\" a number of investigators have proposed an alternative structure based on 5 orthogonal factors.\" \"In the first of 3 studies, 1,431 trait adjectives grouped into 75 clusters were analyzed; virtually identical structures emerged in 10 replications, each based on a different factor-analytic procedure.\" \"None of the factors beyond the 5th generalized across the samples.\"",{"n":176,"id":175,"kind":627,"authors":638,"year":639,"title":640,"venue":641,"doi":642,"url":643,"population":644,"notes":645},"McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr.",1987,"Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers","Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81–90","10.1037\u002F0022-3514.52.1.81","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F3820081\u002F","Adults rated by themselves and by people who knew them",[646],{"date":159,"url":643,"quote":647},"Abstract: \"adjective factors of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness-antagonism, and conscientiousness-undirectedness were identified in an analysis of 738 peer ratings of 275 adult subjects. Intraclass correlations among raters, ranging from .30 to .65, and correlations between mean peer ratings and self-reports, from .25 to .62, showed substantial cross-observer agreement on all five adjective factors.\"",{"n":186,"id":185,"kind":627,"authors":649,"year":650,"title":651,"venue":652,"doi":653,"url":654,"notes":655},"McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A.",2005,"Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures","Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 547–561","10.1037\u002F0022-3514.88.3.547","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F15740445\u002F",[656],{"date":159,"url":654,"quote":657},"Abstract: \"To test hypotheses about the universality of personality traits, college students in 50 cultures identified an adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the 11,985 targets using the 3rd-person version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Factor analyses within cultures showed that the normative American self-report structure was clearly replicated in most cultures and was recognizable in all.\" \"Cross-sectional age differences for 3 factors followed the pattern identified in self-reports, with moderate rates of change during college age and slower changes after age 40.\"",{"n":195,"id":194,"kind":627,"authors":659,"year":660,"title":661,"venue":662,"doi":663,"url":664,"notes":665},"Vukasović, T., & Bratko, D.",2015,"Heritability of personality: A meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies","Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 769–785","10.1037\u002Fbul0000017","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F25961374\u002F",[666],{"date":159,"url":664,"quote":667},"Abstract: \"the final sample included 62 independent effect sizes, representing more than 100,000 participants of both genders and all ages.\" \"The average effect size was .40, indicating that 40% of individual differences in personality were due to genetic, while 60% are due to environmental influences.\" \"study design was a significant moderator with twin studies showing higher estimates, .47, compared to family and adoption studies, .22.\"",{"n":483,"id":482,"kind":627,"authors":669,"year":670,"title":671,"venue":672,"doi":673,"url":674,"notes":675},"Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F.",2000,"The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies","Psychological Bulletin, 126(1), 3–25","10.1037\u002F0033-2909.126.1.3","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F10668348\u002F",[676],{"date":159,"url":674,"quote":677},"Abstract: \"From 152 longitudinal studies, 3,217 test-retest correlation coefficients were compiled. Meta-analytic estimates of mean population test-retest correlation coefficients showed that trait consistency increased from .31 in childhood to .54 during the college years, to .64 at age 30, and then reached a plateau around .74 between ages 50 and 70 when time interval was held constant at 6.7 years.\"",{"n":501,"id":500,"kind":627,"authors":679,"year":680,"title":681,"venue":682,"doi":683,"url":684,"notes":685},"Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W.",2006,"Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 1–25","10.1037\u002F0033-2909.132.1.1","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F16435954\u002F",[686],{"date":159,"url":684,"quote":687},"Abstract: \"The present study used meta-analytic techniques (number of samples = 92) to determine the patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course. Results showed that people increase in measures of social dominance (a facet of extraversion), conscientiousness, and emotional stability, especially in young adulthood (age 20 to 40). In contrast, people increase on measures of social vitality (a 2nd facet of extraversion) and openness in adolescence but then decrease in both of these domains in old age. Agreeableness changed only in old age.\"",{"n":543,"id":542,"kind":627,"authors":689,"year":690,"title":691,"venue":692,"doi":693,"url":694,"notes":695},"Soto, C. J.",2019,"How replicable are links between personality traits and consequential life outcomes? The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project","Psychological Science, 30(5), 711–727","10.1177\u002F0956797619831612","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30950321\u002F",[696],{"date":159,"url":694,"quote":697},"Abstract: \"I conducted preregistered, high-powered (median N = 1,504) replications of 78 previously published trait-outcome associations. Overall, 87% of the replication attempts were statistically significant in the expected direction. The replication effects were typically 77% as strong as the corresponding original effects, which represents a significant decline in effect size.\"",{"n":591,"id":590,"kind":699,"authors":700,"year":690,"title":701,"venue":702,"doi":703,"url":704,"participants":583,"population":705,"notes":706},"sample","Kajonius, P. J., & Johnson, J. A.","Assessing the structure of the Five Factor Model of Personality (IPIP-NEO-120) in the public domain","Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 260–275","10.5964\u002Fejop.v15i2.1671","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7871748\u002F","Volunteers in the United States aged 19 to 69 (mean age 28.1; 60% women) who answered all 120 items on a website",[707],{"date":159,"url":704,"quote":708},"Table A1, \"Sample Descriptive Statistics of 5 Trait Domains and 30 Facets\" (Trait domain, M, SD): \"Neuroticism 11.10 2.66\", \"Extraversion 13.69 2.36\", \"Openness 13.71 2.06\", \"Agreeableness 14.87 2.01\", \"Conscientiousness 14.95 2.34\". Note: \"N = 320,128. … The facet trait scales ranged from 4 (Min) to 20 (Max).\" Method: \"Six facet traits in turn are averaged into one trait factor.\"",{"heading":245,"items":710},[711,718,731,738],{"q":712,"a":713},"Apa saja lima sifat kepribadian Big Five?",[714],{"type":229,"text":715},[716],{"t":166,"v":717},"Keterbukaan, kehati-hatian, ekstraversi, keramahtamahan, dan neurotisisme (lawan dari ketenangan emosi). Masing-masing adalah skala tempat orang berbeda menurut tingkatannya.",{"q":719,"a":720},"Apakah kepribadian diwariskan?",[721],{"type":229,"text":722},[723,725,726,728,729],{"t":166,"v":724},"Sebagian. Tinjauan atas ",{"t":180,"v":421},{"t":166,"v":727}," hasil dari studi kembar, keluarga, dan adopsi mengaitkan sekitar ",{"t":180,"v":190},{"t":166,"v":730}," perbedaan antarorang dengan gen, dan sisanya dengan lingkungan.",{"q":732,"a":733},"Apakah kepribadian berubah seiring usia?",[734],{"type":229,"text":735},[736],{"t":166,"v":737},"Sedikit, dan ke arah yang umum: rata-rata orang menjadi lebih berhati-hati dan tenang secara emosi selama masa dewasa muda. Posisi mereka dibandingkan orang lain menjadi lebih mantap seiring usia.",{"q":739,"a":740},"Mengapa lima sifat dan bukan lebih?",[741],{"type":229,"text":742},[743],{"t":166,"v":744},"Karena lima faktor luas terus muncul saat banyak gambaran dianalisis, dan faktor tambahan tidak bertahan di berbagai sampel. Masing-masing dari kelima faktor itu bisa dibagi menjadi segi yang lebih sempit.","Bacaan lanjutan",{"label":747,"to":108,"key":107},"Ikuti tes kepribadian Big Five","Sumber",[750,768,790,800,826,844],{"section":6,"hub":9,"cards":751},[752,756,760,764],{"key":12,"test":12,"path":13,"title":753,"line":754,"minutes":171,"devices":755},"Tes reaksi","Cari tahu seberapa cepat reaksi Anda saat layar berubah hijau.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":16,"test":16,"path":17,"title":757,"line":758,"minutes":171,"devices":759},"F1 reaction test: tes reaksi lampu start ala F1","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda bisa start saat lima lampu merah padam.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":19,"test":19,"path":20,"title":761,"line":762,"minutes":171,"devices":763},"Tes refleks suara online","Cari tahu seberapa cepat reaksi Anda terhadap bunyi bip.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":23,"test":23,"path":24,"title":765,"line":766,"minutes":171,"devices":767},"Latihan aim","Cari tahu seberapa cepat dan seberapa tepat Anda mengenai target.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"section":26,"hub":29,"cards":769},[770,774,778,782,786],{"key":32,"test":32,"path":33,"title":771,"line":772,"minutes":171,"devices":773},"Test CPS","Cari tahu berapa kali Anda bisa klik per detik.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":35,"test":35,"path":36,"title":775,"line":776,"minutes":171,"devices":777},"Spacebar clicker: seberapa cepat Anda menekan spasi?","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda bisa menekan spasi.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":38,"test":38,"path":39,"title":779,"line":780,"minutes":171,"devices":781},"Hitung klik","Catat hitungan apa saja dengan satu tombol besar.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":41,"test":41,"path":42,"title":783,"line":784,"minutes":171,"devices":785},"Tap BPM: hitung tempo lagu dengan ketukan","Ketuk mengikuti irama dan cari tahu seberapa cepat iramanya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":44,"test":44,"path":45,"title":787,"line":788,"minutes":171,"devices":789},"Tes APM","Cari tahu berapa aksi per menit yang Anda lakukan dengan keyboard dan mouse.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"section":47,"hub":50,"cards":791},[792,796],{"key":53,"test":53,"path":54,"title":793,"line":794,"minutes":171,"devices":795},"Tes mengetik","Cari tahu seberapa cepat dan seberapa teliti Anda mengetik.",{"mouse":21,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":56,"test":56,"path":57,"title":797,"line":798,"minutes":186,"devices":799},"Tes kecepatan membaca","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda membaca sambil tetap memahami teksnya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":59,"hub":62,"cards":801},[802,806,810,814,818,822],{"key":65,"test":65,"path":66,"title":803,"line":804,"minutes":186,"devices":805},"Tes ingatan angka","Cari tahu berapa angka yang bisa Anda ingat.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":68,"test":68,"path":69,"title":807,"line":808,"minutes":186,"devices":809},"Tes memori visual","Cari tahu berapa kotak yang bisa Anda ingat pada kisi yang makin besar.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":71,"test":71,"path":72,"title":811,"line":812,"minutes":186,"devices":813},"Tes memori urutan","Cari tahu seberapa panjang urutan kotak menyala yang bisa Anda ulangi.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":74,"test":74,"path":75,"title":815,"line":816,"minutes":186,"devices":817},"Tes memori kata","Cari tahu berapa kata yang bisa Anda bedakan antara sudah dilihat dan baru.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":77,"test":77,"path":78,"title":819,"line":820,"minutes":186,"devices":821},"Chimp test: tes ingatan angka ala simpanse","Cari tahu berapa angka yang bisa Anda ingat setelah angka itu hilang.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":80,"test":80,"path":81,"title":823,"line":824,"minutes":186,"devices":825},"Tes konsentrasi","Cari tahu seberapa baik Anda mengabaikan sebuah kata saat menyebut warnanya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":83,"hub":86,"cards":827},[828,832,836,840],{"key":89,"test":89,"path":90,"title":829,"line":830,"minutes":171,"devices":831},"Tes keyboard","Tekan tombol Anda dan lihat mana yang berfungsi.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":92,"test":92,"path":93,"title":833,"line":834,"minutes":171,"devices":835},"Test mouse","Periksa setiap tombol dan roda mouse Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":95,"test":95,"path":96,"title":837,"line":838,"minutes":171,"devices":839},"Tes polling rate","Cari tahu seberapa sering mouse Anda melaporkan posisinya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":98,"test":98,"path":99,"title":841,"line":842,"minutes":171,"devices":843},"Tes refresh rate","Cari tahu berapa gambar per detik yang ditampilkan layar Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":101,"hub":104,"cards":845},[846,850,853,857,861,865,869,874],{"key":107,"test":107,"path":108,"title":604,"line":847,"minutes":848,"devices":849},"Tinjauan panjang dan cermat atas lima sifat luas, dengan lebih banyak rincian untuk tiap sifat.",20,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":110,"test":110,"path":111,"title":565,"line":851,"minutes":591,"devices":852},"Lima puluh pernyataan singkat tentang diri Anda yang biasa, untuk lima sifat luas.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":113,"test":113,"path":114,"title":854,"line":855,"minutes":176,"devices":856},"Tes kepribadian singkat","Sepuluh pernyataan singkat: sketsa cepat lima sifat luas.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":116,"test":116,"path":117,"title":858,"line":859,"minutes":848,"devices":860},"Tes 16 tipe kepribadian","Lihat jawaban Big Five Anda sebagai empat penunjuk dan kode empat huruf.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":119,"test":119,"path":120,"title":862,"line":863,"minutes":591,"devices":864},"Tes minat bakat","Cari tahu jenis kegiatan apa yang paling menarik bagi Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":122,"test":122,"path":123,"title":866,"line":867,"minutes":483,"devices":868},"Tes dark triad","Kuesioner singkat tentang empat sisi kepribadian yang kurang menyenangkan.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":125,"test":125,"path":126,"title":870,"line":871,"minutes":872,"devices":873},"Tes pandangan politik","Cari tahu posisi Anda pada empat skala nilai.",10,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":128,"test":128,"path":129,"title":875,"line":876,"minutes":176,"devices":877},"Tes harga diri","Kuesioner singkat tentang cara Anda memandang diri sendiri.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},1791315185739]