[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":793},["ShallowReactive",2],{"nav:id":3,"content:id:facts-reaction-time-measured":155,"cards:id:all":664},{"sections":4,"sheet":130,"site":133},[5,25,46,58,82,100],{"section":6,"hub":7,"tests":10},"reaction",{"key":8,"path":9},"hub-reaction","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-refleks",[11,15,18,22],{"key":12,"path":13,"featured":14},"reaction-time","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-reaksi",true,{"key":16,"path":17,"featured":14},"f1-reaction","\u002Fid\u002Ff1-reaction-test",{"key":19,"path":20,"featured":21},"sound-reaction","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-refleks-suara-online",false,{"key":23,"path":24,"featured":14},"aim-trainer","\u002Fid\u002Flatihan-aim",{"section":26,"hub":27,"tests":30},"click",{"key":28,"path":29},"hub-click","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-klik",[31,34,37,40,43],{"key":32,"path":33,"featured":14},"cps-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftest-cps",{"key":35,"path":36,"featured":14},"spacebar-clicker","\u002Fid\u002Fspacebar-clicker",{"key":38,"path":39,"featured":14},"click-counter","\u002Fid\u002Fhitung-klik",{"key":41,"path":42,"featured":21},"tap-bpm","\u002Fid\u002Ftap-bpm",{"key":44,"path":45,"featured":21},"apm-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-apm",{"section":47,"hub":48,"tests":51},"typing",{"key":49,"path":50},"hub-typing","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-ketik",[52,55],{"key":53,"path":54,"featured":14},"typing-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-mengetik",{"key":56,"path":57,"featured":14},"reading-speed","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-kecepatan-membaca",{"section":59,"hub":60,"tests":63},"memory",{"key":61,"path":62},"hub-memory","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-daya-ingat",[64,67,70,73,76,79],{"key":65,"path":66,"featured":21},"number-memory","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-ingatan-angka",{"key":68,"path":69,"featured":14},"visual-memory","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-memori-visual",{"key":71,"path":72,"featured":21},"sequence-memory","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-memori-urutan",{"key":74,"path":75,"featured":21},"verbal-memory","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-memori-kata",{"key":77,"path":78,"featured":14},"chimp-test","\u002Fid\u002Fchimp-test",{"key":80,"path":81,"featured":14},"stroop-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-konsentrasi",{"section":83,"hub":84,"tests":87},"hardware",{"key":85,"path":86},"hub-hardware","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-hardware",[88,91,94,97],{"key":89,"path":90,"featured":14},"keyboard-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-keyboard",{"key":92,"path":93,"featured":14},"mouse-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftest-mouse",{"key":95,"path":96,"featured":21},"polling-rate","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-polling-rate",{"key":98,"path":99,"featured":14},"refresh-rate","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-refresh-rate",{"section":101,"hub":102,"tests":105},"personality",{"key":103,"path":104},"hub-personality","\u002Fid\u002Fkumpulan-tes-kepribadian",[106,109,112,115,118,121,124,127],{"key":107,"path":108,"featured":14},"big-five","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-big-five",{"key":110,"path":111,"featured":14},"personality-test","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-kepribadian",{"key":113,"path":114,"featured":21},"quick-personality","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-kepribadian-singkat",{"key":116,"path":117,"featured":21},"personality-types","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-16-tipe-kepribadian",{"key":119,"path":120,"featured":14},"career-interests","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-minat-bakat",{"key":122,"path":123,"featured":21},"dark-triad","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-dark-triad",{"key":125,"path":126,"featured":21},"political-values","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-pandangan-politik",{"key":128,"path":129,"featured":21},"self-esteem","\u002Fid\u002Ftes-harga-diri",{"key":131,"path":132},"spec-sheet","\u002Fid\u002Flembar-spek",[134,137,140,143,146,149,152],{"key":135,"path":136},"about","\u002Fid\u002Ftentang-kami",{"key":138,"path":139},"methodology","\u002Fid\u002Fmetodologi",{"key":141,"path":142},"instruments","\u002Fid\u002Fkuesioner-kepribadian",{"key":144,"path":145},"facts","\u002Fid\u002Ffakta",{"key":147,"path":148},"privacy","\u002Fid\u002Fkebijakan-privasi",{"key":150,"path":151},"terms","\u002Fid\u002Fsyarat-dan-ketentuan",{"key":153,"path":154},"contact","\u002Fid\u002Fkontak",{"key":156,"kind":157,"locale":158,"contentUpdated":159,"published":159,"review":160,"title":161,"description":162,"h1":163,"intro":164,"sections":183,"related":474,"crumbs":489,"citations":498,"faq":612,"relatedHeading":660,"cta":661,"sourcesHeading":663},"facts-reaction-time-measured","article","id","2026-10-06","ai-raw","Cara mengukur waktu reaksi: laboratorium, lari, browser","Cara mengukur waktu reaksi di laboratorium, di start lari cepat, dan di browser: apa yang dicatat masing-masing, seberapa tepat, dan mengapa beda.","Cara mengukur waktu reaksi dengan tepat",[165,168,171,173,175,177,181],{"t":166,"v":167},"text","Cara mengukur waktu reaksi itu begini: sebuah tanda muncul pada saat yang diketahui, orang menjawab secepat mungkin, dan waktu di antaranya adalah waktu reaksi. Selebihnya soal melakukannya dengan tepat: tahu persis kapan tanda benar-benar muncul, menangkap awal jawaban, dan mengulanginya cukup sering untuk mendapat nilai tengah yang adil. Pengaturan laboratorium yang dikalibrasi mengukur rata-rata ",{"t":169,"v":170},"num","230,8",{"t":166,"v":172}," md untuk orang dewasa yang menekan tombol mouse, atau ",{"t":169,"v":174},"213",{"t":166,"v":176}," md setelah jeda alatnya sendiri dikeluarkan",{"t":178,"id":179,"n":180},"cite","woods-2015",1,{"t":166,"v":182},".",[184,209,248,310,342,395],{"role":185,"section":186},"section",{"heading":187,"blocks":188},"Bagian-bagian dari satu pengukuran",[189,204],{"type":190,"items":191},"steps",[192,195,198,201],[193],{"t":166,"v":194},"Menunggu selama waktu yang tidak bisa ditebak, supaya orang tidak bisa menghafal iramanya dan menekan terlalu awal.",[196],{"t":166,"v":197},"Tanda: cahaya, gambar, bunyi, atau getaran, yang saat munculnya harus diketahui dengan pasti.",[199],{"t":166,"v":200},"Jawaban: tekanan tombol, tuts, sentuhan, atau dorongan pada sensor, yang saat terjadinya juga harus diketahui dengan pasti.",[202],{"t":166,"v":203},"Pengulangan: banyak percobaan, dengan tekanan yang terlalu awal dan yang sangat terlambat disisihkan, lalu nilai yang khas diambil dari sisanya.",{"type":205,"text":206},"paragraph",[207],{"t":166,"v":208},"Setiap langkah bisa keliru dengan caranya sendiri. Jeda tunggu yang tetap mengundang tebakan. Layar yang menampilkan tanda terlambat, atau tombol yang melaporkan tekanan terlambat, menambah waktu yang bukan milik orangnya. Dan satu percobaan saja tidak berarti banyak, karena tidak ada orang yang bereaksi dengan kecepatan sama dua kali.",{"role":185,"section":210},{"heading":211,"blocks":212},"Waktu reaksi yang mana?",[213,231],{"type":205,"text":214},[215,217,219,221,224,226,229],{"t":166,"v":216},"Para peneliti mengukur beberapa jenis, dan jenisnya menentukan angkanya. Reaksi sederhana punya satu tanda dan satu jawaban, dan paling cepat. Reaksi pilihan memberi beberapa tanda dengan satu jawaban untuk masing-masing, seperti tugas ",{"t":169,"v":218},"4",{"t":166,"v":220}," pilihan dalam survei besar di Inggris",{"t":178,"id":222,"n":223},"der-2006",2,{"t":166,"v":225},". Reaksi go\u002Fno-go meminta Anda menekan untuk satu tanda dan diam untuk tanda lain; dalam studi panjang di Baltimore, reaksi ini melambat seiring usia sekitar tiga kali lebih cepat daripada reaksi sederhana",{"t":178,"id":227,"n":228},"fozard-1994",3,{"t":166,"v":230},". Tes kata warna seperti tes Stroop adalah reaksi pilihan dengan pertentangan di dalamnya.",{"type":205,"text":232},[233,235,238,240,242,244,246],{"t":166,"v":234},"Jadi angka waktu reaksi selalu butuh tugasnya di sampingnya. ",{"t":236,"v":237,"to":13,"key":12},"link","Tes waktu reaksi",{"t":166,"v":239}," kami mengukur reaksi sederhana terhadap cahaya, ",{"t":236,"v":241,"to":20,"key":19},"tes reaksi suara",{"t":166,"v":243}," mengukur reaksi sederhana terhadap bunyi bip, dan ",{"t":236,"v":245,"to":81,"key":80},"tes Stroop",{"t":166,"v":247}," mengukur pilihan dengan pertentangan.",{"role":185,"section":249},{"heading":250,"blocks":251},"Di laboratorium",[252,263,283,298],{"type":205,"text":253},[254,256,258,260,261],{"t":166,"v":255},"Pengukuran waktu reaksi yang pertama dilakukan pada abad kesembilan belas oleh Francis Galton, yang mencatat reaksi visual sederhana di bawah ",{"t":169,"v":257},"190",{"t":166,"v":259}," md pada orang muda",{"t":178,"id":179,"n":180},{"t":166,"v":262},". Laboratorium modern memakai komputer, tetapi memeriksanya: mereka mengukur jeda layar dan tombol mereka sendiri dan memperhitungkannya.",{"type":205,"text":264},[265,267,269,271,272,274,275,277,279,281,282],{"t":166,"v":266},"Studi besar yang menjadi pembanding tes kami melakukan persis itu. ",{"t":169,"v":268},"1.469",{"t":166,"v":270}," sukarelawannya melihat target dan menekan tombol mouse. Rata-rata mentahnya ",{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":273}," md; setelah jeda alat yang terukur dikeluarkan, hasilnya ",{"t":169,"v":174},{"t":166,"v":276}," md. Para penulis juga mengukur berapa lama setiap orang hanya untuk memulai gerakan jari, sehingga bisa memperkirakan waktu untuk melihat target: sekitar ",{"t":169,"v":278},"131",{"t":166,"v":280}," md",{"t":178,"id":179,"n":180},{"t":166,"v":182},{"type":205,"text":284},[285,287,289,291,293,294,297],{"t":166,"v":286},"Perangkat lunak laboratorium juga sangat tepat. Perbandingan perangkat lunak eksperimen, yang dijalankan pada lebih dari ",{"t":169,"v":288},"110.000",{"t":166,"v":290}," percobaan dengan kotak pengukur, menemukan program laboratorium terbaik mencatat waktu rangsangan dan jawaban dengan ketepatan di bawah ",{"t":169,"v":292},"1",{"t":166,"v":280},{"t":178,"id":295,"n":296},"bridges-2020",4,{"t":166,"v":182},{"type":205,"text":299},[300,302,304,306,309],{"t":166,"v":301},"Beberapa laboratorium melangkah lebih jauh dan merekam otak atau otot. Dalam satu studi, rekaman otak memperlihatkan orang memutuskan apakah foto kilat berisi hewan dalam ",{"t":169,"v":303},"150",{"t":166,"v":305}," md, sebelum tombol apa pun ditekan",{"t":178,"id":307,"n":308},"thorpe-1996",5,{"t":166,"v":182},{"role":185,"section":311},{"heading":312,"blocks":313},"Di start lari cepat",[314,326],{"type":205,"text":315},[316,318,320,322,325],{"t":166,"v":317},"Atletik mengukur waktu reaksi karena alasan praktis: menangkap curi start. Sensor di balok start mencatat dorongan kaki setiap pelari terhadap waktu tembakan. Aturan World Athletics menganggap reaksi kurang dari ",{"t":169,"v":319},"0,1",{"t":166,"v":321}," detik, yang diukur oleh sistem bersertifikat seperti itu, sebagai kemungkinan curi start",{"t":178,"id":323,"n":324},"world-athletics-2026",6,{"t":166,"v":182},{"type":205,"text":327},[328,330,332,334,336,337,340],{"t":166,"v":329},"Para peneliti memakai jenis alat yang sama dengan lebih rinci, dengan sensor tekanan di setiap pijakan kaki yang diselaraskan dengan tanda start dan rekaman otot kaki. Mereka menemukan otot pelari terlatih bisa merespons bunyi dalam waktu kurang dari ",{"t":169,"v":331},"85",{"t":166,"v":333}," md, dan sinyal otot pertama dalam waktu kurang dari ",{"t":169,"v":335},"60",{"t":166,"v":280},{"t":178,"id":338,"n":339},"pain-2007",7,{"t":166,"v":341},". Menekan tombol jauh lebih lambat untuk dicatat daripada sinyal otot. Begitulah cara orang mengukur waktu reaksi tubuh manusia sampai ke batasnya, dan itu pula sebabnya angka dari start lari cepat tidak bisa langsung disamakan dengan angka dari sebuah halaman web.",{"role":185,"section":343},{"heading":344,"blocks":345},"Di browser atau di HP",[346,373,383],{"type":205,"text":347},[348,350,352,354,356,358,361,363,365,366,368,369,372],{"t":166,"v":349},"Halaman web tidak bisa mengkalibrasi layar dan mouse di depan Anda. Halaman itu hanya bisa mencatat apa yang dilihatnya: kapan ia meminta tanda digambar dan kapan ia diberi tahu tentang tekanan Anda. Dua studi mengukur seberapa jauh itu dari kenyataan dengan menekan tuts dan layar sentuh memakai robot. Pada laptop dan HP biasa, browser mencatat setiap reaksi lebih lambat daripada sebenarnya, rata-rata ",{"t":169,"v":351},"57,6",{"t":166,"v":353}," md sampai ",{"t":169,"v":355},"132,9",{"t":166,"v":357}," md tergantung perangkat dan browser",{"t":178,"id":359,"n":360},"pronk-2020",8,{"t":166,"v":362},"; pada komputer desktop dan laptop, studi kedua menemukan ",{"t":169,"v":364},"76,5",{"t":166,"v":353},{"t":169,"v":367},"82,3",{"t":166,"v":280},{"t":178,"id":370,"n":371},"anwyl-irvine-2021",9,{"t":166,"v":182},{"type":205,"text":374},[375,377,379,380,381],{"t":166,"v":376},"Kabar baiknya, jeda satu perangkat cukup stabil. Sebagian besar perangkat lunak dalam perbandingan besar itu mencatat jawaban di browser dengan ketepatan di bawah ",{"t":169,"v":378},"10",{"t":166,"v":280},{"t":178,"id":295,"n":296},{"t":166,"v":382},", jadi selisih antara putaran Anda sendiri di satu perangkat tetap bermakna meskipun angka mutlaknya terbaca tinggi.",{"type":205,"text":384},[385,387,389,391,394],{"t":166,"v":386},"HP menambah paling banyak. Dalam studi tempat orang dewasa muda menjawab bip, getaran, dan cahaya di HP, sinyal tunggal tercepat, yaitu bip keras, tetap memakan rata-rata ",{"t":169,"v":388},"405",{"t":166,"v":390}," md, jauh di atas angka laboratorium untuk cahaya",{"t":178,"id":392,"n":393},"yoshida-2023",10,{"t":166,"v":182},{"role":185,"section":396},{"heading":397,"blocks":398},"Cara tes reaksi kami mengukur",[399,441,459],{"type":400,"items":401},"list",[402,413,416,427,438],[403,405,407,409,411],{"t":166,"v":404},"Layar menjadi hijau setelah jeda acak antara ",{"t":169,"v":406},"1,5",{"t":166,"v":408}," dtk dan ",{"t":169,"v":410},"4,5",{"t":166,"v":412}," dtk, jadi Anda tidak bisa menghafal saatnya.",[414],{"t":166,"v":415},"Saat hijau diambil dari gambar layar berikutnya, dan tekanan Anda dari waktu yang diberikan browser pada kejadiannya sendiri, bukan dari saat kode kami sempat memprosesnya.",[417,419,421,423,425],{"t":166,"v":418},"Tekanan yang lebih cepat dari ",{"t":169,"v":420},"100",{"t":166,"v":422}," md dihitung sebagai tebakan dan percobaannya diulang; yang lebih lambat dari ",{"t":169,"v":424},"1.000",{"t":166,"v":426}," md dihitung sebagai lengah.",[428,430,432,434,436],{"t":166,"v":429},"Setelah satu percobaan latihan, ",{"t":169,"v":431},"5",{"t":166,"v":433}," percobaan dihitung (",{"t":169,"v":435},"20",{"t":166,"v":437}," dalam mode tepat), dan hasil Anda adalah yang di tengah.",[439],{"t":166,"v":440},"Kalau Anda pindah ke tab atau jendela lain saat percobaan, percobaan itu dibuang.",{"type":205,"text":442},[443,445,447,448,450,452,454,455,457],{"t":166,"v":444},"Tes ini juga mengukur laju penyegaran layar Anda dan menampilkannya bersama hasil Anda, sehingga Anda bisa melihat apa yang ditambahkan layar. Tes ini memperhitungkan jeda yang ditemukan studi-studi robot di luar jeda laboratorium itu sendiri, ",{"t":169,"v":446},"44,1",{"t":166,"v":353},{"t":169,"v":449},"115,1",{"t":166,"v":451}," md dengan keyboard atau mouse dan ",{"t":169,"v":453},"39,8",{"t":166,"v":353},{"t":169,"v":456},"52",{"t":166,"v":458}," md dengan layar sentuh, dan menampilkan perbandingan dengan studi itu sebagai rentang. Di komputer rentang itu lebar, satu alasan lagi untuk membandingkan hasil Anda sendiri di satu perangkat daripada mengejar satu angka.",{"type":205,"text":460},[461,463,467,469,473],{"t":166,"v":462},"Artikel tentang ",{"t":236,"v":464,"to":465,"key":466},"input lag","\u002Fid\u002Ffakta\u002Finput-lag","facts-input-lag",{"t":166,"v":468}," membahas layar, mouse, dan laju penyegaran dengan lebih rinci, dan setiap studi yang menjadi pembanding tes kami tercantum di halaman ",{"t":236,"v":470,"to":471,"key":472},"studi di balik angka","\u002Fid\u002Fstudi","studies",{"t":166,"v":182},[475,478,481,484],{"key":12,"path":13,"title":476,"description":477},"Tes reaksi","Tes reaksi gratis: ketuk atau klik begitu layar berubah hijau. Waktu tengah Anda dibandingkan dengan studi orang dewasa yang sudah terbit. Tanpa akun.",{"key":138,"path":139,"title":479,"description":480},"Metodologi","Metodologi Selfspecs: cara waktu diukur, cara hasil dibandingkan dengan sampel bernama, cara kuesioner diberi skor, dan apa yang belum terverifikasi.",{"key":466,"path":465,"title":482,"description":483},"Input lag: jeda yang ditambah layar, mouse, dan browser","Input lag adalah jeda sebelum aksi Anda terbaca. Apa yang ditambah monitor 144 Hz, mouse cepat, dan browser, temuan riset esports, dan artinya bagi tes.",{"key":485,"path":486,"title":487,"description":488},"guide-test-accuracy","\u002Fid\u002Fpanduan\u002Fakurasi-tes-online","Apakah tes kepribadian online akurat atau tidak?","Apakah tes kepribadian online akurat atau tidak? Juga cara browser mengukur reaksi, apa yang ditambah layar dan mouse, dan batas kuesioner online.",[490,494,496],{"key":491,"path":492,"name":493},"home","\u002Fid","Tes kemampuan online: apa yang ingin Anda uji?",{"key":144,"path":145,"name":495},"Fakta tentang manusia: reaksi, jari, ingatan",{"key":156,"path":497,"name":163},"\u002Fid\u002Ffakta\u002Fcara-mengukur-waktu-reaksi",[499,512,525,537,548,558,567,578,589,601],{"n":180,"id":179,"kind":500,"authors":501,"year":502,"title":503,"venue":504,"doi":505,"url":506,"participants":268,"population":507,"notes":508},"sample","Woods, D. L., Wyma, J. M., Yund, E. W., Herron, T. J., & Reed, B.",2015,"Factors influencing the latency of simple reaction time","Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 131","10.3389\u002Ffnhum.2015.00131","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fhuman-neuroscience\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffnhum.2015.00131\u002Ffull","Community volunteers in Rotorua, New Zealand, aged 18 to 65 (mean age 45.8, 40% men)",[509],{"date":510,"url":506,"quote":511},"2026-10-01","Abstract: \"Experiment 1 examined a community sample of 1469 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 65. Mean SRT latencies were short (231, 213 ms when corrected for hardware delays) and increased significantly with age (0.55 ms\u002Fyear)\". Table 2, column Experiment 1: \"N 1469\", \"SRT 230.8\", \"SRT SD 26.8\".",{"n":223,"id":222,"kind":513,"authors":514,"year":515,"title":516,"venue":517,"doi":518,"url":519,"participants":520,"population":521,"notes":522},"source","Der, G., & Deary, I. J.",2006,"Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood: Results from the United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey","Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 62–73","10.1037\u002F0882-7974.21.1.62","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F16594792\u002F","7.130","Adults in the United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey",[523],{"date":159,"url":519,"quote":524},"Abstract: \"The authors reanalyzed data for 7,130 adult participants in the United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey\" \"The authors modeled the age differences in simple and 4-choice reaction time means and variabilities\" \"Simple RT shows little slowing until around 50, whereas choice RT slows throughout the adult age range.\"",{"n":228,"id":227,"kind":513,"authors":526,"year":527,"title":528,"venue":529,"doi":530,"url":531,"participants":532,"population":533,"notes":534},"Fozard, J. L., Vercruyssen, M., Reynolds, S. L., Hancock, P. A., & Quilter, R. E.",1994,"Age differences and changes in reaction time: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","Journal of Gerontology, 49(4), P179–P189","10.1093\u002Fgeronj\u002F49.4.p179","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F8014399\u002F","1.265","Community volunteers in Baltimore aged 17 to 96",[535],{"date":159,"url":531,"quote":536},"Abstract: \"This study analyzed auditory reaction time (RT) data from 1,265 community-dwelling volunteers (833 males and 432 females) who ranged in age from 17 to 96.\" \"Repeated testing within participants (longitudinal analyses) over eight years showed consistent slowing and increased variability with age.\" \"Beginning at about age 20, RTs increased at a rate of approximately 0.5 msec\u002Fyr for SRT and 1.6 msec\u002Fyr for DRT.\"",{"n":296,"id":295,"kind":513,"authors":538,"year":539,"title":540,"venue":541,"doi":542,"url":543,"notes":544},"Bridges, D., Pitiot, A., MacAskill, M. R., & Peirce, J. W.",2020,"The timing mega-study: comparing a range of experiment generators, both lab-based and online","PeerJ, 8, e9414","10.7717\u002Fpeerj.9414","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7512138\u002F",[545],{"date":159,"url":546,"quote":547},"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33005482\u002F","Abstract: \"Among the lab-based experiments, Psychtoolbox, PsychoPy, Presentation and E-Prime provided the best timing, all with mean precision under 1 millisecond across the visual, audio and response measures.\" \"Online studies did not deliver the same level of precision as lab-based systems, with slightly more variability in all measurements.\" \"For response times (measured using a high-performance button box), most of the packages achieved precision at least under 10 ms in all browsers, with PsychoPy achieving a precision under 3.5 ms in all.\" \"The results, from over 110,000 trials, highlight the wide range of timing qualities that can occur even in these dedicated software packages for the task.\"",{"n":308,"id":307,"kind":513,"authors":549,"year":550,"title":551,"venue":552,"doi":553,"url":554,"notes":555},"Thorpe, S., Fize, D., & Marlot, C.",1996,"Speed of processing in the human visual system","Nature, 381(6582), 520–522","10.1038\u002F381520a0","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F8632824\u002F",[556],{"date":159,"url":554,"quote":557},"Abstract: \"Here we use a go\u002Fno-go categorization task in which subjects have to decide whether a previously unseen photograph, flashed on for just 20 ms, contains an animal. ERP analysis revealed a frontal negativity specific to no-go trials that develops roughly 150 ms after stimulus onset. We conclude that the visual processing needed to perform this highly demanding task can be achieved in under 150 ms.\"",{"n":324,"id":323,"kind":513,"authors":559,"year":560,"title":561,"venue":562,"url":563,"notes":564},"World Athletics",2026,"Book C, C2.1 Technical Rules, Rule 16 (The start), version in force from 1 July 2026","World Athletics Book of Rules","https:\u002F\u002Fworldathletics.org\u002Fabout-iaaf\u002Fdocuments\u002Fbook-of-rules",[565],{"date":159,"url":563,"quote":566},"C2.1 Technical Rules (document \"C1.1 & C2.1 - Competition Rules & Technical Rules\", dated 01 JUL 2026): \"When a World Athletics certified Start Information System is in use, the Starter and\u002For an assigned Recaller shall wear headphones in order to clearly hear the acoustic signal emitted when the System indicates a possible false start (i.e. when the reaction time is less than 0.100 second).\"",{"n":339,"id":338,"kind":513,"authors":568,"year":569,"title":570,"venue":571,"doi":572,"url":573,"population":574,"notes":575},"Pain, M. T. G., & Hibbs, A.",2007,"Sprint starts and the minimum auditory reaction time","Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 79–86","10.1080\u002F02640410600718004","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17127583\u002F","Nine sprinters starting from instrumented blocks",[576],{"date":159,"url":573,"quote":577},"Abstract: \"The simple auditory reaction time is one of the fastest reaction times and is thought to be rarely less than 100 ms.\" \"Reaction time in nine athletes performing sprint starts in four conditions was measured using starting blocks instrumented with piezoelectric force transducers\" \"Five of the athletes had mean reaction times of less than 100 ms in at least one condition and 20% of all starts in the first two conditions had a reaction time of less than 100 ms. The results demonstrate that the neuromuscular-physiological component of simple auditory reaction times can be under 85 ms and that EMG latencies can be under 60 ms.\"",{"n":360,"id":359,"kind":513,"authors":579,"year":539,"title":580,"venue":581,"doi":582,"url":583,"population":584,"notes":585},"Pronk, T., Wiers, R. W., Molenkamp, B., & Murre, J.","Mental chronometry in the pocket? Timing accuracy of web applications on touchscreen and keyboard devices","Behavior Research Methods, 52(3), 1371–1382","10.3758\u002Fs13428-019-01321-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7280355\u002F","Four devices from 2015 and 2016: a MacBook Pro, an ASUS laptop, a Samsung Galaxy S7 and an iPhone 6S, pressed by a robot",[586],{"date":159,"url":587,"quote":588},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC7280355\u002FfullTextXML","Abstract: \"In controlled circumstances, as can be realized in a lab setting, very accurate stimulus timing and moderately accurate RT measurements could be achieved on both touchscreen and keyboard devices, though RTs were consistently overestimated.\" Table 4 \"Descriptives of RT overestimations (in milliseconds) per device and browser\" (OS, Web Browser, Minimum, Maximum, Mean, SD): \"Android Chrome 46.0 103.5 69.8 7.4\", \"iOS Safari 48.3 96.3 57.6 6.5\", \"MacOS Safari 93.0 163.7 132.9 8.1\", \"Windows Chrome 64.7 70.6 68.5 1.7\", \"Windows Firefox 49.8 84.9 61.9 5.7\".",{"n":371,"id":370,"kind":513,"authors":590,"year":591,"title":592,"venue":593,"doi":594,"url":595,"population":596,"notes":597},"Anwyl-Irvine, A., Dalmaijer, E. S., Hodges, N., & Evershed, J. K.",2021,"Realistic precision and accuracy of online experiment platforms, web browsers, and devices","Behavior Research Methods, 53(4), 1407–1425","10.3758\u002Fs13428-020-01501-5","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8367876\u002F","Desktop and laptop computers with Windows 10 and macOS, pressed by a robot; and the equipment of 202,600 online participants",[598],{"date":159,"url":599,"quote":600},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC8367876\u002FfullTextXML","Abstract: \"We then employed a robot actuator in realistic set-ups to measure response recording across the aforementioned platforms, and between different keyboard types (desktop and integrated laptop).\" \"We found that modern web platforms provide reasonable accuracy and precision for display duration and manual response time\". Table 2 \"RT delay is calculated as the difference between known and recorded RT.\" Browser means: \"Chrome 78.81\", \"Edge 80.10\", \"Firefox 82.30\", \"Safari 76.50\"; device means: \"macOS-Desktop 85.35\", \"Windows-Desktop 76.24\", \"Windows-Laptop 73.65\". Results: \"We found that 77% of these devices were desktop or laptop computers, whereas only 20% were mobile devices\" \"Based on a sample of 202,600 participants.\"",{"n":393,"id":392,"kind":513,"authors":602,"year":603,"title":604,"venue":605,"url":606,"participants":435,"population":607,"notes":608},"Yoshida, K. T., Kiernan, J. X., Okamura, A. M., & Nunez, C. M.",2023,"Exploring human response times to combinations of audio, haptic, and visual stimuli from a mobile device","IEEE World Haptics Conference 2023 (arXiv:2305.17180)","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2305.17180","Adults aged 20 to 29 holding an iPhone 11",[609],{"date":159,"url":610,"quote":611},"https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fpdf\u002F2305.17180","\"Our user study included 20 participants (13 female, 6 male, 1 non-binary; aged 20-29).\" \"Participants had the shortest response time for the high audio stimulus (405 ± 50 ms) and longest response time for the low visual stimulus (528 ± 105 ms).\" \"The mean response time is the fastest in the condition with high levels of all three stimuli (mean ± standard deviation, 320 ± 43 ms)\" \"The fastest mean response time recorded for a particular subject was 250 ms, and the slowest was 819 ms.\" \"The overall mean response time across all conditions was (380 ± 52 ms).\"",{"heading":613,"items":614},"Pertanyaan",[615,628,643,653],{"q":616,"a":617},"Bagaimana waktu reaksi diukur di laboratorium?",[618],{"type":205,"text":619},[620,622,623,625,626],{"t":166,"v":621},"Dengan layar dan tombol yang dikalibrasi, jeda acak sebelum setiap tanda, dan banyak percobaan. Jeda alatnya diukur dan diperhitungkan: dalam satu studi besar, rata-ratanya turun dari ",{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":624}," md menjadi ",{"t":169,"v":174},{"t":166,"v":627}," md setelah jeda itu dikeluarkan.",{"q":629,"a":630},"Apakah tes waktu reaksi online akurat?",[631],{"type":205,"text":632},[633,635,636,637,638,640,641],{"t":166,"v":634},"Konsisten, tetapi terbaca tinggi. Tes dengan robot menemukan browser mencatat reaksi terlalu lambat rata-rata ",{"t":169,"v":351},{"t":166,"v":353},{"t":169,"v":355},{"t":166,"v":639}," md pada perangkat sehari-hari, sementara mencatat waktunya dengan ketepatan di bawah ",{"t":169,"v":378},{"t":166,"v":642}," md pada sebagian besar perangkat lunak.",{"q":644,"a":645},"Bagaimana waktu reaksi diukur dalam lari cepat?",[646],{"type":205,"text":647},[648,650,651],{"t":166,"v":649},"Dengan sensor di balok start yang terhubung ke pistol start. Reaksi kurang dari ",{"t":169,"v":319},{"t":166,"v":652}," detik dianggap kemungkinan curi start.",{"q":654,"a":655},"Mengapa hasil saya berubah dari satu percobaan ke percobaan berikutnya?",[656],{"type":205,"text":657},[658],{"t":166,"v":659},"Karena orang tidak pernah bereaksi dengan kecepatan yang persis sama dua kali, dan karena saat setiap tekanan jatuh berbeda terhadap penyegaran layar. Itu sebabnya tes memakai beberapa percobaan dan mengambil yang di tengah.","Baca juga",{"label":662,"to":13,"key":12},"Ikuti tes waktu reaksi","Sumber",[665,682,704,714,740,758],{"section":6,"hub":9,"cards":666},[667,670,674,678],{"key":12,"test":12,"path":13,"title":476,"line":668,"minutes":180,"devices":669},"Cari tahu seberapa cepat reaksi Anda saat layar berubah hijau.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":16,"test":16,"path":17,"title":671,"line":672,"minutes":180,"devices":673},"F1 reaction test: tes reaksi lampu start ala F1","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda bisa start saat lima lampu merah padam.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":19,"test":19,"path":20,"title":675,"line":676,"minutes":180,"devices":677},"Tes refleks suara online","Cari tahu seberapa cepat reaksi Anda terhadap bunyi bip.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":23,"test":23,"path":24,"title":679,"line":680,"minutes":180,"devices":681},"Latihan aim","Cari tahu seberapa cepat dan seberapa tepat Anda mengenai target.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"section":26,"hub":29,"cards":683},[684,688,692,696,700],{"key":32,"test":32,"path":33,"title":685,"line":686,"minutes":180,"devices":687},"Test CPS","Cari tahu berapa kali Anda bisa klik per detik.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":35,"test":35,"path":36,"title":689,"line":690,"minutes":180,"devices":691},"Spacebar clicker: seberapa cepat Anda menekan spasi?","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda bisa menekan spasi.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":38,"test":38,"path":39,"title":693,"line":694,"minutes":180,"devices":695},"Hitung klik","Catat hitungan apa saja dengan satu tombol besar.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":41,"test":41,"path":42,"title":697,"line":698,"minutes":180,"devices":699},"Tap BPM: hitung tempo lagu dengan ketukan","Ketuk mengikuti irama dan cari tahu seberapa cepat iramanya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":44,"test":44,"path":45,"title":701,"line":702,"minutes":180,"devices":703},"Tes APM","Cari tahu berapa aksi per menit yang Anda lakukan dengan keyboard dan mouse.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"section":47,"hub":50,"cards":705},[706,710],{"key":53,"test":53,"path":54,"title":707,"line":708,"minutes":180,"devices":709},"Tes mengetik","Cari tahu seberapa cepat dan seberapa teliti Anda mengetik.",{"mouse":21,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":56,"test":56,"path":57,"title":711,"line":712,"minutes":228,"devices":713},"Tes kecepatan membaca","Cari tahu seberapa cepat Anda membaca sambil tetap memahami teksnya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":59,"hub":62,"cards":715},[716,720,724,728,732,736],{"key":65,"test":65,"path":66,"title":717,"line":718,"minutes":228,"devices":719},"Tes ingatan angka","Cari tahu berapa angka yang bisa Anda ingat.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":68,"test":68,"path":69,"title":721,"line":722,"minutes":228,"devices":723},"Tes memori visual","Cari tahu berapa kotak yang bisa Anda ingat pada kisi yang makin besar.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":71,"test":71,"path":72,"title":725,"line":726,"minutes":228,"devices":727},"Tes memori urutan","Cari tahu seberapa panjang urutan kotak menyala yang bisa Anda ulangi.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":74,"test":74,"path":75,"title":729,"line":730,"minutes":228,"devices":731},"Tes memori kata","Cari tahu berapa kata yang bisa Anda bedakan antara sudah dilihat dan baru.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":77,"test":77,"path":78,"title":733,"line":734,"minutes":228,"devices":735},"Chimp test: tes ingatan angka ala simpanse","Cari tahu berapa angka yang bisa Anda ingat setelah angka itu hilang.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":80,"test":80,"path":81,"title":737,"line":738,"minutes":228,"devices":739},"Tes konsentrasi","Cari tahu seberapa baik Anda mengabaikan sebuah kata saat menyebut warnanya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":83,"hub":86,"cards":741},[742,746,750,754],{"key":89,"test":89,"path":90,"title":743,"line":744,"minutes":180,"devices":745},"Tes keyboard","Tekan tombol Anda dan lihat mana yang berfungsi.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":92,"test":92,"path":93,"title":747,"line":748,"minutes":180,"devices":749},"Test mouse","Periksa setiap tombol dan roda mouse Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":95,"test":95,"path":96,"title":751,"line":752,"minutes":180,"devices":753},"Tes polling rate","Cari tahu seberapa sering mouse Anda melaporkan posisinya.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":98,"test":98,"path":99,"title":755,"line":756,"minutes":180,"devices":757},"Tes refresh rate","Cari tahu berapa gambar per detik yang ditampilkan layar Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":101,"hub":104,"cards":759},[760,765,769,773,777,781,785,789],{"key":107,"test":107,"path":108,"title":761,"line":762,"minutes":763,"devices":764},"Tes Big Five","Tinjauan panjang dan cermat atas lima sifat luas, dengan lebih banyak rincian untuk tiap sifat.",20,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":110,"test":110,"path":111,"title":766,"line":767,"minutes":360,"devices":768},"Tes kepribadian","Lima puluh pernyataan singkat tentang diri Anda yang biasa, untuk lima sifat luas.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":113,"test":113,"path":114,"title":770,"line":771,"minutes":223,"devices":772},"Tes kepribadian singkat","Sepuluh pernyataan singkat: sketsa cepat lima sifat luas.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":116,"test":116,"path":117,"title":774,"line":775,"minutes":763,"devices":776},"Tes 16 tipe kepribadian","Lihat jawaban Big Five Anda sebagai empat penunjuk dan kode empat huruf.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":119,"test":119,"path":120,"title":778,"line":779,"minutes":360,"devices":780},"Tes minat bakat","Cari tahu jenis kegiatan apa yang paling menarik bagi Anda.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":122,"test":122,"path":123,"title":782,"line":783,"minutes":308,"devices":784},"Tes dark triad","Kuesioner singkat tentang empat sisi kepribadian yang kurang menyenangkan.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":125,"test":125,"path":126,"title":786,"line":787,"minutes":393,"devices":788},"Tes pandangan politik","Cari tahu posisi Anda pada empat skala nilai.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":128,"test":128,"path":129,"title":790,"line":791,"minutes":223,"devices":792},"Tes harga diri","Kuesioner singkat tentang cara Anda memandang diri sendiri.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},1791315185037]