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You can find your own span with the ",{"t":198,"v":199,"to":66,"key":65},"link","number memory test",{"t":166,"v":201},".",[203,274,286,298,320,398],{"role":204,"section":205},"section",{"heading":206,"blocks":207},"The figure in one table",[208,269],{"type":209,"caption":210,"head":213,"rows":220},"table",[211],{"t":166,"v":212},"The digit span the review gives for adults",[214,217],[215],{"t":166,"v":216},"What",[218],{"t":166,"v":219},"Figure",[221,229,240,247,255,262],[222,225],[223],{"t":166,"v":224},"Digits most adults repeated forwards in a computer study",[226,227,228],{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":190},[230,238],[231,233,235,236],{"t":166,"v":232},"Adults in that study, aged ",{"t":169,"v":234},"18",{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":237},"65",[239],{"t":169,"v":184},[241,244],[242],{"t":166,"v":243},"Year that study was published",[245],{"t":169,"v":246},"2011",[248,251],[249],{"t":166,"v":250},"The classic rule of thumb, seven plus or minus two",[252,253,254],{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":174},[256,259],[257],{"t":166,"v":258},"Where the rule of thumb comes from",[260],{"t":166,"v":261},"A review of earlier memory experiments, with no group of its own",[263,266],[264],{"t":166,"v":265},"Year the review was published",[267],{"t":169,"v":268},"1956",{"type":270,"text":271},"paragraph",[272],{"t":166,"v":273},"The middle of both ranges is about seven, which is why the rule is remembered as seven plus or minus two. The ends are not limits. Some people hold more and some fewer, and the same person holds more on a good day than on a bad one. In the computer study the digits were spoken, and testing began at five digits, so the narrower range also reflects how that test was run.",{"role":204,"section":275},{"heading":276,"blocks":277},"What digit span measures",[278,282],{"type":270,"text":279},[280],{"t":166,"v":281},"In a digit span task you see or hear a string of digits, one at a time, and then repeat them in order. The longest string you get right is your span. It tells you how much you can keep in mind for a few seconds while you work with it, which psychologists call short-term or working memory.",{"type":270,"text":283},[284],{"t":166,"v":285},"It does not tell you how well you remember your own life, a language or the things you have studied for years. 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A test that shows digits more slowly, or lets you type without a time limit, gives a different span from one that does not.",{"role":204,"section":299},{"heading":300,"blocks":301},"What changes your span",[302],{"type":303,"items":304},"list",[305,308,311,314,317],[306],{"t":166,"v":307},"Grouping: reading a long number in groups of two or three digits holds more than reading it as one string.",[309],{"t":166,"v":310},"Rehearsal: most people say the digits silently as they come, so how quickly you can say them matters, and number names that are long to say are harder to hold.",[312],{"t":166,"v":313},"Meaning: a group that looks like a date is easier to keep than a random pair.",[315],{"t":166,"v":316},"Pace and distraction: slower digits are easier, and noise or a tired mind loses them.",[318],{"t":166,"v":319},"Practice: a few runs usually teach you to group and rehearse better, which raises the span a little without enlarging your memory.",{"role":204,"section":321},{"heading":322,"blocks":323},"Other kinds of span",[324,349,387],{"type":270,"text":325},[326,328,330,332,333,334,336,338,340,342,344,347],{"t":166,"v":327},"Researchers also measure the span of positions, for example in a task where you tap blocks in the order they lit up. In a computer version of that task, ",{"t":169,"v":329},"187",{"t":166,"v":331}," adults aged ",{"t":169,"v":234},{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":335},"82",{"t":166,"v":337}," repeated ",{"t":169,"v":339},"5.2",{"t":166,"v":341}," blocks on average before missing two in a row, with a spread of ",{"t":169,"v":343},"1.2",{"t":178,"id":345,"n":346},"woods-2016",3,{"t":166,"v":348},". The squares moved to new places on every try there, so it is a guide for other versions rather than a standard. An older figure for the classic wooden blocks has been published too, but we have not been able to read it in its paper, and this site shows no number it has not read in its source.",{"type":270,"text":350},[351,353,355,357,359,361,364,366,368,370,372,374,375,377,379,381,383,386],{"t":166,"v":352},"A pattern span counts the squares of a pattern you can hold at a glance. In a small open study of a pattern test on a screen, ",{"t":169,"v":354},"40",{"t":166,"v":356}," young adults took part, and those who did it without a second task recalled patterns of ",{"t":169,"v":358},"9.3",{"t":166,"v":360}," squares on average",{"t":178,"id":362,"n":363},"brown-2013",4,{"t":166,"v":365},"; the ",{"t":198,"v":367,"to":69,"key":68},"visual memory test",{"t":166,"v":369}," sets your longest pattern beside that as a mark. In the chimpanzee study behind the ",{"t":198,"v":371,"to":78,"key":77},"chimp test",{"t":166,"v":373},", ",{"t":169,"v":174},{"t":166,"v":376}," students got all of five briefly shown numbers right in about ",{"t":169,"v":378},"38%",{"t":166,"v":380}," of rounds, and the young chimpanzee Ayumu in about ",{"t":169,"v":382},"79%",{"t":178,"id":384,"n":385},"silberberg-2009-students",5,{"t":166,"v":201},{"type":270,"text":388},[389,391,393,395,396],{"t":166,"v":390},"The ",{"t":198,"v":392,"to":72,"key":71},"sequence memory test",{"t":166,"v":394}," places your block span roughly beside those adults, in one of five zones, and the ",{"t":198,"v":199,"to":66,"key":65},{"t":166,"v":397}," draws the digit range beside your span. Neither ranks you against other visitors, and both keep your earlier results as short ticks, so you can see whether you are moving.",{"role":204,"section":399},{"heading":400,"blocks":401},"How to use this page",[402,406],{"type":270,"text":403},[404],{"t":166,"v":405},"Set your digit span beside the range as a rough mark, and then forget the range and watch yourself. Take the test on a few different days at about the same time, keep to one device, and see where your own results settle. A span of one length on one afternoon says very little.",{"type":407,"tone":408,"text":409},"note","info",[410],{"t":166,"v":411},"This page is for curiosity and practice. A span below the range can happen on a tired or hurried day, and nothing here is a check of anyone's health.",[413,416,419,422],{"key":65,"path":66,"title":414,"description":415},"Number memory test","Free number memory test: watch digits appear one at a time, type them back, and find the longest number you can hold. No sign-up, results stay with you.",{"key":71,"path":72,"title":417,"description":418},"Sequence memory test","Free sequence memory test: watch blocks light up one at a time, tap them back in the same order, and find your longest sequence. No sign-up, no email.",{"key":138,"path":139,"title":420,"description":421},"Methodology","Methodology of Selfspecs: how timing is measured, how results are compared with a named sample, how questionnaires are scored, and what is unverified.",{"key":423,"path":424,"title":425,"description":426},"facts-memory-span","\u002Ffacts\u002Fmemory-span","Memory span","Memory span explained: why most adults repeat five to seven digits, where Miller's seven came from, why some say four, and how practice changes it.",[428,432,434],{"key":429,"path":430,"name":431},"home","\u002F","What would you like to test?",{"key":61,"path":62,"name":433},"Memory tests",{"key":156,"path":435,"name":163},"\u002Faverage-digit-span",[437,446,454,462,470],{"n":180,"id":179,"kind":438,"authors":439,"year":440,"title":441,"venue":442,"doi":443,"url":444,"population":445},"sample","Miller, G. A.",1956,"The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information","Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97","10.1037\u002Fh0043158","https:\u002F\u002Fpsychclassics.yorku.ca\u002FMiller\u002F","Adults in the laboratory studies the essay reviews",{"n":194,"id":193,"kind":438,"authors":447,"year":448,"title":449,"venue":450,"doi":451,"url":452,"participants":184,"population":453},"Woods, D. L., Kishiyama, M. M., Yund, E. W., Herron, T. J., Edwards, B., Poliva, O., Hink, R. F., & Reed, B.",2011,"Improving digit span assessment of short-term verbal memory","Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(1), 101–111","10.1080\u002F13803395.2010.493149","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC2978794\u002F","Community volunteers in Rotorua, New Zealand, aged 18 to 65 (mean age 46.5), a random selection of residents",{"n":346,"id":345,"kind":438,"authors":455,"year":456,"title":457,"venue":458,"doi":459,"url":460,"participants":329,"population":461},"Woods, D. L., Wyma, J. M., Herron, T. J., & Yund, E. W.",2016,"The effects of repeat testing, malingering, and traumatic brain injury on computerized measures of visuospatial memory span","Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 690","10.3389\u002Ffnhum.2015.00690","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fhuman-neuroscience\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffnhum.2015.00690\u002Ffull","Control participants aged 18 to 82 (mean age 41.1), the normative sample of the authors' computerized spatial span test",{"n":363,"id":362,"kind":438,"authors":463,"year":464,"title":465,"venue":466,"doi":467,"url":468,"participants":354,"population":469},"Brown, L. A., & Wesley, R. W.",2013,"Visual working memory is enhanced by mixed strategy use and semantic coding","Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 328–338","10.1080\u002F20445911.2013.773004","https:\u002F\u002Fstrathprints.strath.ac.uk\u002F47979\u002F1\u002FBrown_Wesley_2013_JoCP.pdf","40 adults aged 18 to 32 (mean age 20.8) in Scotland; the figure is of the half tested without a second task",{"n":385,"id":384,"kind":438,"authors":471,"year":472,"title":473,"venue":474,"doi":475,"url":476,"participants":174,"population":477},"Silberberg, A., & Kearns, D.",2009,"Memory for the order of briefly presented numerals in humans as a function of practice","Animal Cognition, 12(2), 405–407 (on Inoue & Matsuzawa 2007, Current Biology, 17(23), R1004–R1005)","10.1007\u002Fs10071-008-0206-8","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10071-008-0206-8","Nine university students, each in a single session with no practice",{"heading":479,"items":480},"Questions",[481,500,507,514],{"q":482,"a":483},"What is the average digit span?",[484],{"type":270,"text":485},[486,488,489,490,491,493,494,496,497,498,499],{"t":166,"v":487},"About seven digits for adults, give or take two: the classic review gives ",{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":174},{"t":166,"v":492}," digits, and most adults in a computer study of ",{"t":169,"v":184},{"t":166,"v":495}," people repeated ",{"t":169,"v":170},{"t":166,"v":172},{"t":169,"v":190},{"t":166,"v":201},{"q":501,"a":502},"What is digit span?",[503],{"type":270,"text":504},[505],{"t":166,"v":506},"The longest string of digits you can repeat in the same order right after seeing or hearing it. It measures how much you can hold in mind for a few seconds.",{"q":508,"a":509},"Can you improve your digit span?",[510],{"type":270,"text":511},[512],{"t":166,"v":513},"Practice often raises it a little, mostly because you learn to group digits and rehearse them. Nothing on this page promises a particular result.",{"q":515,"a":516},"Is there an average for block span?",[517],{"type":270,"text":518},[519,521,522,524,525],{"t":166,"v":520},"Yes, for a computer version of the task: ",{"t":169,"v":329},{"t":166,"v":523}," adults repeated ",{"t":169,"v":339},{"t":166,"v":526}," blocks on average before missing two in a row. An older figure for the wooden blocks has not been read in its source by us, so it is not shown.","Keep reading",{"label":529,"to":66,"key":65},"Take the number memory test","Sources",[532,550,572,582,606,624],{"section":6,"hub":9,"cards":533},[534,538,542,546],{"key":12,"test":12,"path":13,"title":535,"line":536,"minutes":180,"devices":537},"Reaction time test","Find out how fast you react when the screen turns green.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":16,"test":16,"path":17,"title":539,"line":540,"minutes":180,"devices":541},"F1 reaction test","Find out how quickly you can start when five red lights go out.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":19,"test":19,"path":20,"title":543,"line":544,"minutes":180,"devices":545},"Audio reaction test","Find out how fast you react to a beep.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":23,"test":23,"path":24,"title":547,"line":548,"minutes":180,"devices":549},"Aim trainer","Find out how fast and how exactly you can hit targets.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"section":26,"hub":29,"cards":551},[552,556,560,564,568],{"key":32,"test":32,"path":33,"title":553,"line":554,"minutes":180,"devices":555},"CPS test","Find out how many times a second you can click.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":35,"test":35,"path":36,"title":557,"line":558,"minutes":180,"devices":559},"Spacebar clicker","Find out how fast you can press the space bar.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":38,"test":38,"path":39,"title":561,"line":562,"minutes":180,"devices":563},"Click counter","Keep a tally of anything you like with one big button.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":41,"test":41,"path":42,"title":565,"line":566,"minutes":180,"devices":567},"Tap BPM","Tap along to a beat and find out how fast it is.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":44,"test":44,"path":45,"title":569,"line":570,"minutes":180,"devices":571},"APM test","Find out how many actions a minute you make with keyboard and mouse.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"section":47,"hub":50,"cards":573},[574,578],{"key":53,"test":53,"path":54,"title":575,"line":576,"minutes":180,"devices":577},"Typing test","Find out how fast and how accurately you type.",{"mouse":21,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":56,"test":56,"path":57,"title":579,"line":580,"minutes":346,"devices":581},"Reading speed test","Find out how fast you read while still understanding the text.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":59,"hub":62,"cards":583},[584,587,591,594,598,602],{"key":65,"test":65,"path":66,"title":414,"line":585,"minutes":346,"devices":586},"Find out how many digits you can hold in mind.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":68,"test":68,"path":69,"title":588,"line":589,"minutes":346,"devices":590},"Visual memory test","Find out how many squares you can remember on a growing grid.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":71,"test":71,"path":72,"title":417,"line":592,"minutes":346,"devices":593},"Find out how long a sequence of lit squares you can repeat.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":74,"test":74,"path":75,"title":595,"line":596,"minutes":346,"devices":597},"Verbal memory test","Find out how many words you can tell apart as seen or new.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":77,"test":77,"path":78,"title":599,"line":600,"minutes":346,"devices":601},"Chimp memory test","Find out how many numbers you can remember after they vanish.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":21},{"key":80,"test":80,"path":81,"title":603,"line":604,"minutes":346,"devices":605},"Stroop test","Find out how well you can ignore a word while you name its colour.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":83,"hub":86,"cards":607},[608,612,616,620],{"key":89,"test":89,"path":90,"title":609,"line":610,"minutes":180,"devices":611},"Keyboard tester","Press your keys and see which ones work.",{"mouse":21,"touch":21,"keyboard":14},{"key":92,"test":92,"path":93,"title":613,"line":614,"minutes":180,"devices":615},"Mouse tester","Check every button and the wheel of your mouse.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":95,"test":95,"path":96,"title":617,"line":618,"minutes":180,"devices":619},"Polling rate test","Find out how often your mouse reports where it is.",{"mouse":14,"touch":21,"keyboard":21},{"key":98,"test":98,"path":99,"title":621,"line":622,"minutes":180,"devices":623},"Refresh rate test","Find out how many pictures a second your screen shows.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"section":101,"hub":104,"cards":625},[626,631,636,640,644,648,652,657],{"key":107,"test":107,"path":108,"title":627,"line":628,"minutes":629,"devices":630},"Big Five personality test","A long, careful look at five broad traits, with more detail for each.",20,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":110,"test":110,"path":111,"title":632,"line":633,"minutes":634,"devices":635},"Personality test","Fifty short statements about how you usually are, for five broad traits.",8,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":113,"test":113,"path":114,"title":637,"line":638,"minutes":194,"devices":639},"Quick personality test","Ten short statements: a quick sketch of five broad traits.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":116,"test":116,"path":117,"title":641,"line":642,"minutes":629,"devices":643},"16 personality types test","See your Big Five answers as four dials and a four-letter code.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":119,"test":119,"path":120,"title":645,"line":646,"minutes":634,"devices":647},"Career interest test","Find out which kinds of activity you are most drawn to.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":122,"test":122,"path":123,"title":649,"line":650,"minutes":385,"devices":651},"Dark triad test","A short questionnaire about four less pleasant sides of personality.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":125,"test":125,"path":126,"title":653,"line":654,"minutes":655,"devices":656},"Political values test","Find out where you stand on four scales of values.",10,{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},{"key":128,"test":128,"path":129,"title":658,"line":659,"minutes":194,"devices":660},"Self-esteem test","A short questionnaire about how you see yourself.",{"mouse":14,"touch":14,"keyboard":14},1791315173582]